false teaching that was troubling the Colossians. Paul never mentions its exact features directly or refutes the errorists point by point (see also the commentary on this matter in the introduction to this epistle). The false teachers may have given lip service to Jesus and claimed to believe in him as the Savior, but it is clear that they also regarded other things and other powers as having saving value. They were teaching that the simple gospel was not enough to save sinners but that it had to